Asphalt shingles are among the most popular roofing materials, offering durability and cost-effectiveness. However, they are not immune to wear and tear. Over time, homeowners may notice visible damage in the form of cracks or splits. While these two issues might seem similar at first glance, they stem from different causes and require different solutions. Understanding the distinctions between cracked and split shingles can help property owners take timely action to prevent further roof deterioration.
Vera Roofing And Construction, located in Midlothian, TX, has extensive experience in identifying and repairing shingle damage. With industry-leading certifications and partnerships with top brands, they provide expert roofing solutions that stand the test of time.
What Causes Asphalt Shingles to Crack?
Cracked shingles typically develop as a result of prolonged exposure to the elements. Over time, the asphalt within the shingles loses its flexibility due to a process called volatilization, in which essential oils and compounds evaporate. As shingles dry out, they become brittle and prone to cracking. Other contributing factors include:
- Aging: Shingles naturally deteriorate over time, losing their ability to expand and contract with temperature changes.
- Sun Exposure: UV rays break down the asphalt’s chemical composition, accelerating the loss of flexibility.
- Manufacturing Defects: Poor-quality shingles may lack sufficient asphalt content, making them more susceptible to premature cracking.
- Improper Installation: If shingles are nailed incorrectly or not given enough room for thermal expansion, they may crack under stress.
- Extreme Weather Conditions: High winds, hail, and temperature fluctuations weaken shingles, making them more likely to crack.
Cracks in shingles may start small, but they can quickly grow, allowing water to seep into the underlying roof structure. Over time, this can lead to leaks, mold growth, and structural damage.
What Causes Asphalt Shingles to Split?
Unlike cracks, which form due to gradual wear and tear, splits occur due to thermal expansion and contraction. This happens when shingles expand in the heat and contract in the cold, creating stress that eventually leads to separation. Some common causes of splitting include:
- Extreme Temperature Swings: Frequent shifts between hot and cold weather cause shingles to expand and contract, leading to splits.
- Poor Ventilation: A lack of proper attic ventilation can trap heat, increasing thermal stress on the shingles.
- Multiple Layered Roofs: When new shingles are installed over old ones, the layers heat up unevenly, making them more likely to split.
- Fastener Placement Issues: If a shingle is secured too tightly with nails or staples, it cannot move freely with temperature changes, resulting in splitting.
Splits are often deeper and more pronounced than cracks, exposing the roof’s inner layers to moisture. If left unaddressed, they can lead to significant roof damage and costly repairs.
Comparing Cracked vs. Split Shingles
1. Appearance
- Cracks: Thin, shallow lines that often run along the surface of the shingle.
- Splits: Deep separations that may run the entire length of the shingle.
2. Causes
- Cracks: Result from aging, UV exposure, and loss of essential oils in the asphalt.
- Splits: Occur due to temperature fluctuations and improper ventilation.
3. Severity
- Cracks: Gradually weaken shingles but do not always lead to immediate leaks.
- Splits: Create an instant pathway for water infiltration, posing a more urgent risk.
How to Address Cracked and Split Shingles
Repairing Cracked Shingles
For minor cracks, homeowners may use an asphalt-based roofing sealant to extend the life of the shingle. However, this is a temporary fix. If multiple shingles are cracked, a roof inspection is necessary to assess whether a full replacement is required.
Repairing Split Shingles
Since splits are more severe, the affected shingles must be replaced. This involves:
- Lifting the surrounding shingles carefully to expose the damaged one.
- Removing the nails securing the split shingle.
- Sliding a new shingle into place and securing it with roofing nails.
- Sealing the surrounding shingles with roofing cement to ensure water resistance.
Preventing Cracks and Splits in Shingles
While no roofing material lasts forever, homeowners can take proactive steps to minimize damage:
1. Regular Roof Inspections
Annual inspections help identify potential issues before they become major problems. A professional roofer can spot early signs of cracking or splitting and recommend necessary repairs.
2. Proper Attic Ventilation
Ensuring adequate ventilation reduces heat buildup, preventing excessive thermal expansion and contraction that leads to splitting.
3. Using High-Quality Shingles
Investing in premium shingles from trusted brands such as GAF, Owens Corning, CertainTeed, Atlas, IKO, Firestone/Elevate, Mulehide, and F Wave enhances durability and resistance to environmental stressors.
4. Professional Installation
A well-installed roof lasts longer and performs better. Hiring certified contractors like GAF Master Elite Contractors ensures proper installation techniques that minimize the risk of premature shingle damage.
5. Timely Repairs
Addressing minor cracks and splits promptly prevents more extensive damage, reducing long-term repair costs.
FAQs
1. How can I tell if my shingles are cracking or splitting?
Cracks appear as thin lines on the surface, while splits are deeper separations. A professional roof inspection can determine the extent of the damage.
2. Do split shingles always lead to leaks?
Not immediately, but they create a direct path for water infiltration. Addressing the issue early prevents costly water damage.
3. What is the lifespan of asphalt shingles before cracking or splitting occurs?
Standard asphalt shingles last between 20-30 years, but poor maintenance and harsh weather conditions can cause premature damage.
4. Should I replace all shingles if only a few are cracked or split?
If the damage is isolated, spot repairs may be sufficient. However, widespread cracking or splitting may indicate the need for a full roof replacement.
Conclusion
Understanding the differences between cracked and split shingles is crucial for maintaining a durable and weather-resistant roof. While both issues compromise the integrity of asphalt shingles, they arise from different causes and require distinct repair strategies. Homeowners should conduct regular inspections, invest in quality materials, and work with reputable roofing professionals to prevent and address shingle damage effectively. Taking proactive steps today can save time, money, and headaches in the future.
Read also our blog: Why a Roof Tear-Off Is Better Than an Overlay